Rome & Herod
64–5 BCE · 2 snapshots
Watch the boundaries of biblical-era polities shift across a draggable timeline. Click any place to see its affiliation in all 13 periods, scriptural references and archaeology notes.
Snapshots
Pompey's Settlement: Syria Province and Hyrcanus II as Client
64 BCE
Pompey captures Jerusalem and organizes the province of Syria; Hyrcanus II keeps only the high priesthood and Judah becomes a Roman client.
- Roman GeneralPompey
- Hasmonean High PriestHyrcanus II
- Scripture
- Josephus, Antiquities 14.4; Dan 7 (the rise of Rome)
- Archaeology & dating
- Early Roman period; Pompey's siege of 63 BCE and the creation of Syria Province
Herod's Kingdom and Roman Provinces
21 BCE
Backed by Rome, Herod rules Judea, rebuilds the Temple on a grand scale and builds the port at Caesarea; prosperity masks mounting tensions.
- King of JudeaHerod the Great
- Roman EmperorAugustus
- Scripture
- Matt 2:1-23; Luke 1:5; Josephus, Jewish War 1
- Archaeology & dating
- Early Roman period; the Temple Mount expansion, Caesarea harbour and Masada palaces
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Journeys in this period
Boundaries are schematic approximations, not survey-grade geography. This is a historical-geography study tool and takes no position on matters of faith.